--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\Nizan Feldman\Desktop\cpr final\Replication.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  18 Apr 2024, 19:40:48

. do "C:\Users\NIZANF~1\AppData\Local\Temp\STD479c_000000.tmp"

. * Stata .do file for Nizan Feldman and Mark Shiptan  "Gunboats and butter: The two percent guideline and NATO burden shifting in the maritime domain"  https://doi.org/10.1080
> /13523260.2024.2343637
. * CONTEMPORARY SECURITY POLICY *
. * Please send any questions or comments to nfeldman@poli.haifa.ac.il
. 
. *<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
. *** Replication Code for Tables  in the  Main Text and Appendix
. *>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
. 
. 
. * In the dataset, naval data is updated only for observations that are included in the analysis (i.e., when the variable 'included_in_analysis' equals 1)."
. 
. 
. sort included_in_analysis ccode year

. 
. xtset  ccode year 

Panel variable: ccode (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 1980 to 2022
         Delta: 1 year

.  
. ***Table 1: Wales Pledgeand Naval Power***
. 
. 
. ***Model ***
. 
. asdoc xtreg tonnage_to_GDP_2015 Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat 
> Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power  if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.4121                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4754                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4676                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =    2827.28
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0415197   .0136046    -3.05   0.002    -.0681843   -.0148551
         Competition |  -10.29301   2.879031    -3.58   0.000    -15.93581    -4.65021
           Coastline |   .0335991   .0147589     2.28   0.023     .0046721    .0625261
Non_NATO_land_border |   .0220836   .0111701     1.98   0.048     .0001907    .0439766
    Urban_population |   .0014506   .0032987     0.44   0.660    -.0050147     .007916
      Trade_Openness |   .0584586   .0456579     1.28   0.200    -.0310293    .1479465
                 PEC |  -.0326835   .0425496    -0.77   0.442    -.1160792    .0507122
            GDP_2015 |  -.0676458   .0283566    -2.39   0.017    -.1232236    -.012068
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.2017458   .0778527    -2.59   0.010    -.3543344   -.0491572
       Years_in_NATO |   .0058883   .0025333     2.32   0.020     .0009231    .0108535
              Threat |  -.4733222   .2073882    -2.28   0.022    -.8797956   -.0668488
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.1347933   .0879501    -1.53   0.125    -.3071723    .0375857
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.2278159   .0615114    -3.70   0.000    -.3483761   -.1072558
               _cons |   9.097936   2.133521     4.26   0.000     4.916312    13.27956
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |   .0714152
             sigma_e |   .0307148
                 rho |  .84389933   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. ***Modle 2***
. asdoc  xtreg tonnage_to_GDP_2015 Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance
> _Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5228                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0635                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0672                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =    1647.40
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9382                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0306538   .0114258    -2.68   0.014    -.0544152   -.0068925
         Competition |   8.964707   7.184475     1.25   0.226    -5.976226    23.90564
    Urban_population |  -.0141597   .0028473    -4.97   0.000     -.020081   -.0082385
      Trade_Openness |   .0591807   .0391467     1.51   0.145    -.0222294    .1405908
                 PEC |   -.030989   .0645397    -0.48   0.636    -.1652067    .1032286
            GDP_2015 |  -.2574529   .3486216    -0.74   0.468    -.9824513    .4675454
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.2060419   .3421523    -0.60   0.553    -.9175866    .5055028
       Years_in_NATO |   .0103326   .0020576     5.02   0.000     .0060535    .0146117
              Threat |   -.459839   .1456599    -3.16   0.005    -.7627553   -.1569227
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0979662   .1225305    -0.80   0.433    -.3527824      .15685
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.0730909   .0897013    -0.81   0.424    -.2596349    .1134531
               _cons |   9.704395    2.78358     3.49   0.002     3.915623    15.49317
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .44987543
             sigma_e |  .03073522
                 rho |  .99535415   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. ***Modle 3***
. asdoc xtreg state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_
> Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0706                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.2708                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.2661                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =       1.24
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.8861                         Prob > F          =     0.3211

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -36951.03   14916.91    -2.48   0.022    -67972.44   -5929.611
         Competition |    6127911    4515344     1.36   0.189     -3262262    1.55e+07
    Urban_population |   249.8581   1632.898     0.15   0.880    -3145.939    3645.655
      Trade_Openness |   5202.838   27127.21     0.19   0.850    -51211.29    61616.96
                 PEC |    19849.9   30312.89     0.65   0.520    -43189.21    82889.02
            GDP_2015 |  -211015.1   143343.7    -1.47   0.156    -509114.6    87084.37
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |   149318.7   110386.6     1.35   0.191    -80242.82    378880.2
       Years_in_NATO |    5656.51   3284.757     1.72   0.100    -1174.516    12487.54
              Threat |  -442701.3   214760.5    -2.06   0.052    -889320.2    3917.681
Russians_Naval_Power |  -179831.1   103874.5    -1.73   0.098      -395850     36187.7
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -142344.1   86701.68    -1.64   0.116    -322650.2    37961.87
               _cons |    6462813    3404057     1.90   0.071      -616310    1.35e+07
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  362908.91
             sigma_e |  22067.325
                 rho |  .99631616   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. ***Modle 4***
. asdoc xtreg ln_state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Allian
> ce_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1648                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4104                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4097                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =       1.86
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0387                          Prob > F          =     0.1059

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
ln_state_total_ton~e | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |   -.183275   .0699208    -2.62   0.016    -.3286833   -.0378667
         Competition |   34.23143   33.16575     1.03   0.314    -34.74052    103.2034
    Urban_population |  -.0562403   .0242234    -2.32   0.030    -.1066156   -.0058649
      Trade_Openness |   .8402983   .5918665     1.42   0.170    -.3905556    2.071152
                 PEC |  -.2971559    .287865    -1.03   0.314     -.895804    .3014921
            GDP_2015 |   .4328018   1.234318     0.35   0.729    -2.134103    2.999707
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.9433511   1.271673    -0.74   0.466     -3.58794    1.701237
       Years_in_NATO |   .0456948   .0174606     2.62   0.016     .0093835    .0820061
              Threat |  -3.362565   1.343628    -2.50   0.021    -6.156792   -.5683367
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.7651486   .6613982    -1.16   0.260    -2.140601    .6103042
Alliance_Naval_Power |    -1.4846   .7496843    -1.98   0.061    -3.043653    .0744543
               _cons |   59.78558   18.53042     3.23   0.004     21.24946     98.3217
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  1.5237651
             sigma_e |  .18997099
                 rho |  .98469476   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\Users\NIZANF~1\AppData\Local\Temp\STD479c_000000.tmp"

. ***Modle 5 ERC***
. 
. asdoc xtreg d.tonnage_to_GDP_2015 l.tonnage_to_GDP_2015 l.Wales_pledge l.Competition l.Urban_population l.Trade_Openness l.PEC l.GDP_2015 l.GDP_Per_capita_2015 l.Years_in_NAT
> O l.Threat l.Russians_Naval_Power l.Alliance_Naval_Power  d.Wales_pledge d.Competition d.Urban_population d.Trade_Openness d.PEC d.GDP_2015 d.GDP_Per_capita_2015 d.Years_in_N
> ATO d.Threat d.Russians_Naval_Power d.Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 ,fe cl(ccode), nest replace
note: D.Years_in_NATO omitted because of collinearity.

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        235
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.3064                                         min =          8
     Between = 0.0689                                         avg =       10.7
     Overall = 0.0114                                         max =         11

                                                F(21, 21)         =          .
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9994                         Prob > F          =          .

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D.                   |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 |
                 L1. |  -.2803324   .0622674    -4.50   0.000    -.4098245   -.1508403
                     |
        Wales_pledge |
                 L1. |  -.0824576   .0240312    -3.43   0.003    -.1324332   -.0324821
                     |
         Competition |
                 L1. |   .7875282   4.181861     0.19   0.852    -7.909128    9.484184
                     |
    Urban_population |
                 L1. |   .0023852   .0024597     0.97   0.343    -.0027301    .0075004
                     |
      Trade_Openness |
                 L1. |   .0594407    .040676     1.46   0.159    -.0251497     .144031
                     |
                 PEC |
                 L1. |  -.0982465   .0424189    -2.32   0.031    -.1864615   -.0100314
                     |
            GDP_2015 |
                 L1. |  -.0031778   .1284756    -0.02   0.981    -.2703575    .2640019
                     |
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |
                 L1. |  -.0852819   .1010899    -0.84   0.408    -.2955098     .124946
                     |
       Years_in_NATO |
                 L1. |   .0153285   .0042248     3.63   0.002     .0065426    .0241145
                     |
              Threat |
                 L1. |  -1.103647   .3758445    -2.94   0.008    -1.885258   -.3220352
                     |
Russians_Naval_Power |
                 L1. |  -.1404288   .2249875    -0.62   0.539    -.6083159    .3274583
                     |
Alliance_Naval_Power |
                 L1. |  -.5859022   .1850691    -3.17   0.005    -.9707744   -.2010301
                     |
        Wales_pledge |
                 D1. |  -.0562364    .018187    -3.09   0.006    -.0940583   -.0184144
                     |
         Competition |
                 D1. |   1.206145    2.66063     0.45   0.655    -4.326938    6.739229
                     |
    Urban_population |
                 D1. |    .035984   .0199642     1.80   0.086    -.0055338    .0775018
                     |
      Trade_Openness |
                 D1. |  -.0225505   .0556324    -0.41   0.689    -.1382444    .0931434
                     |
                 PEC |
                 D1. |   .0112522   .0588153     0.19   0.850    -.1110608    .1335653
                     |
            GDP_2015 |
                 D1. |   .6255235   1.050929     0.60   0.558    -1.560002    2.811049
                     |
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |
                 D1. |  -.9536582    1.02847    -0.93   0.364    -3.092479    1.185163
                     |
       Years_in_NATO |
                 D1. |          0  (omitted)
                     |
              Threat |
                 D1. |  -.1529455   .2117708    -0.72   0.478     -.593347    .2874559
                     |
Russians_Naval_Power |
                 D1. |  -.2870334   .1536277    -1.87   0.076    -.6065198     .032453
                     |
Alliance_Naval_Power |
                 D1. |  -.8216251   .2504035    -3.28   0.004    -1.342368   -.3008824
                     |
               _cons |   14.38658   5.418572     2.66   0.015     3.118041    25.65512
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .43472278
             sigma_e |  .02038027
                 rho |  .99780699   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. ***Modle 6 Dynamic Pooled Mean Group***
. xtpmg d.tonnage_to_GDP_2015 d.Wales_pledge d.Competition d.Urban_population d.Trade_Openness d.PEC d.GDP_2015 d.GDP_Per_capita_2015 d.Years_in_NATO d.Threat d.Russians_Naval_
> Power d.Alliance_Naval_Power, lr (l.tonnage_to_GDP_2015 l.Wales_pledge l.Competition l.Urban_population l.Trade_Openness l.PEC l.GDP_201 l.GDP_Per_capita_2015 l.Years_in_NATO
>  l.Threat l.Russians_Naval_Power l.Alliance_Naval_Power) ec(ec) replace dfe, if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dynamic Fixed Effects Regression: Estimated Error Correction Form
(Estimate results saved as DFE)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     | Coefficient  Std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
ec                   |
        Wales_pledge |
                 L1. |  -.2941424   .1300571    -2.26   0.024    -.5490497   -.0392351
                     |
         Competition |
                 L1. |   2.809266   16.22172     0.17   0.863    -28.98472    34.60325
                     |
    Urban_population |
                 L1. |   .0085084   .0088901     0.96   0.339    -.0089158    .0259326
                     |
      Trade_Openness |
                 L1. |   .2120364   .1059532     2.00   0.045      .004372    .4197009
                     |
                 PEC |
                 L1. |  -.3504642   .1390839    -2.52   0.012    -.6230635   -.0778648
                     |
            GDP_2015 |
                 L1. |  -.0113358   .3109373    -0.04   0.971    -.6207618    .5980902
                     |
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |
                 L1. |   -.304217   .3032184    -1.00   0.316    -.8985141    .2900801
                     |
       Years_in_NATO |
                 L1. |   .0546799   .0222754     2.45   0.014     .0110209    .0983389
                     |
              Threat |
                 L1. |  -3.936922   1.990559    -1.98   0.048    -7.838346    -.035498
                     |
Russians_Naval_Power |
                 L1. |  -.5009368   1.026358    -0.49   0.625    -2.512561    1.510688
                     |
Alliance_Naval_Power |
                 L1. |  -2.090027   .9107705    -2.29   0.022    -3.875104   -.3049497
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
SR                   |
                  ec |  -.2803324   .0483676    -5.80   0.000    -.3751311   -.1855337
                     |
        Wales_pledge |
                 D1. |  -.0562364    .023889    -2.35   0.019    -.1030579   -.0094148
                     |
         Competition |
                 D1. |   1.206145   5.901805     0.20   0.838    -10.36118    12.77347
                     |
    Urban_population |
                 D1. |    .035984   .0266156     1.35   0.176    -.0161816    .0881495
                     |
      Trade_Openness |
                 D1. |  -.0225505   .0365427    -0.62   0.537    -.0941728    .0490718
                     |
                 PEC |
                 D1. |   .0112522   .0335949     0.33   0.738    -.0545925     .077097
                     |
            GDP_2015 |
                 D1. |   .6255235   .9132988     0.68   0.493    -1.164509    2.415556
                     |
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |
                 D1. |  -.9536582   .9393247    -1.02   0.310    -2.794701    .8873843
                     |
       Years_in_NATO |
                 D1. |          0  (omitted)
                     |
              Threat |
                 D1. |  -.1529455   .3112508    -0.49   0.623    -.7629859    .4570948
                     |
Russians_Naval_Power |
                 D1. |  -.2870334   .1975999    -1.45   0.146    -.6743221    .1002552
                     |
Alliance_Naval_Power |
                 D1. |  -.8216251   .2927451    -2.81   0.005    -1.395395   -.2478553
                     |
               _cons |   14.38658   7.978058     1.80   0.071    -1.250127    30.02329
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. ***Modle 7 Arellano-Bond***
. asdoc  xtabond tonnage_to_GDP_2015 Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Allian
> ce_Naval_Power  if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , lags(2) vce(robust), nest append 

Arellano–Bond dynamic panel-data estimation     Number of obs     =        193
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22
Time variable: year
                                                Obs per group:
                                                              min =          7
                                                              avg =   8.772727
                                                              max =          9

Number of instruments =    194                  Wald chi2(13)     =   29320.27
                                                Prob > chi2       =     0.0000
One-step results
                                          (Std. err. adjusted for clustering on ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 |
                 L1. |   .6903753   .0508781    13.57   0.000     .5906561    .7900946
                 L2. |   .0110521   .0551087     0.20   0.841    -.0969589    .1190631
                     |
        Wales_pledge |  -.0173353   .0074008    -2.34   0.019    -.0318406   -.0028299
         Competition |  -1.877134   1.567553    -1.20   0.231    -4.949482    1.195214
    Urban_population |  -.0042283    .002101    -2.01   0.044    -.0083462   -.0001103
      Trade_Openness |   .0301724   .0326309     0.92   0.355    -.0337831    .0941278
                 PEC |   .0344606   .0538544     0.64   0.522    -.0710921    .1400134
            GDP_2015 |   .0693081   .0824386     0.84   0.401    -.0922686    .2308849
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.1679934   .0746741    -2.25   0.024    -.3143519   -.0216349
       Years_in_NATO |   .0034757   .0014493     2.40   0.016     .0006351    .0063163
              Threat |  -.1199231   .1458737    -0.82   0.411    -.4058304    .1659842
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0476373   .1479233    -0.32   0.747    -.3375616     .242287
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.0424119   .0549301    -0.77   0.440    -.1500729    .0652491
               _cons |   2.231295   3.108409     0.72   0.473    -3.861075    8.323665
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instruments for differenced equation
        GMM-type: L(2/.).tonnage_to_GDP_2015
        Standard: D.Wales_pledge D.Competition D.Urban_population D.Trade_Openness
                  D.PEC D.GDP_2015 D.GDP_Per_capita_2015 D.Years_in_NATO D.Threat
                  D.Russians_Naval_Power D.Alliance_Naval_Power
Instruments for level equation
        Standard: _cons
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\Users\NIZANF~1\AppData\Local\Temp\STD479c_000000.tmp"

. ***Table 3. Robustness Tests.***
. 
. 
. * Note- This command is applicable only for Stata 17 or later versions. The commaand must exclude states that joined the treatment group after the initiation of the treatment
> . Therefore, State 341 (Montenegro), which joined NATO in 2017, was not included in this analysis. Including State 341 (Montenegro) by manually generating the interaction for
>  the Difference-in-Differences analysis does not substantively alter the results.
. 
. 
. * Modle 8  All states in the system* 
. 
. xtdidregress ( state_total_tonnage Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015) (treated) if  ccode~=2 & ccode~=341 & year>2008 & year<2020,
>  group(ccode) time(year)

Treatment and time information

Time variable: year
Control:       treated = 0
Treatment:     treated = 1
-----------------------------------
             |   Control  Treatment
-------------+---------------------
Group        |
       ccode |       117         22
-------------+---------------------
Time         |
     Minimum |      2009       2015
     Maximum |      2013       2015
-----------------------------------

Difference-in-differences regression                     Number of obs = 1,521
Data type: Longitudinal

                                       (Std. err. adjusted for 139 clusters in ccode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |               Robust
state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
ATET                |
            treated |
          (1 vs 0)  |  -13428.56   6475.203    -2.07   0.040       -26232   -625.1208
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ATET estimate adjusted for covariates, panel effects, and time effects.
Note: Treatment occurs at different times.

. 
. estat ptrends

Parallel-trends test (pretreatment time period)
H0: Linear trends are parallel

F(1, 138) =   0.07
 Prob > F = 0.7929

. 
. estat granger

Granger causality test
H0: No effect in anticipation of treatment

F(5, 138) =   0.78
 Prob > F = 0.5637

. 
. * Modle 9 U.S.allies  All states in the system* 
. 
. 
. xtdidregress ( state_total_tonnage Competition Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015) (treated) if  ccode~=2 & ccode~=341 & year>2008 & year<2020 &
>   US_ALLIES ==1, group(ccode) time(year)

Treatment and time information

Time variable: year
Control:       treated = 0
Treatment:     treated = 1
-----------------------------------
             |   Control  Treatment
-------------+---------------------
Group        |
       ccode |         7         22
-------------+---------------------
Time         |
     Minimum |      2009       2015
     Maximum |      2009       2015
-----------------------------------

Difference-in-differences regression                       Number of obs = 319
Data type: Longitudinal

                                        (Std. err. adjusted for 29 clusters in ccode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |               Robust
state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
ATET                |
            treated |
          (1 vs 0)  |  -51131.91   15674.13    -3.26   0.003    -83238.92    -19024.9
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ATET estimate adjusted for covariates, panel effects, and time effects.

. 
. estat ptrends

Parallel-trends test (pretreatment time period)
H0: Linear trends are parallel

F(1, 28) =   1.22
Prob > F = 0.2785

. 
. estat granger

Granger causality test
H0: No effect in anticipation of treatment

F(5, 28) =   1.09
Prob > F = 0.3874

. 
. * Modle 10 U.S.allies the imposed sanctionsand non-NATO EU members* 
.  
. 
. xtdidregress ( state_total_tonnage Competition Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015) (treated) if  ccode~=2 & ccode~=341 & year>2008 & year<2020 &
>   US_EUROP_US_ALLIES_sanctio ==1, group(ccode) time(year)

Treatment and time information

Time variable: year
Control:       treated = 0
Treatment:     treated = 1
-----------------------------------
             |   Control  Treatment
-------------+---------------------
Group        |
       ccode |         8         22
-------------+---------------------
Time         |
     Minimum |      2009       2015
     Maximum |      2009       2015
-----------------------------------

Difference-in-differences regression                       Number of obs = 330
Data type: Longitudinal

                                        (Std. err. adjusted for 30 clusters in ccode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |               Robust
state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
ATET                |
            treated |
          (1 vs 0)  |  -24797.27    11056.2    -2.24   0.033    -47409.74   -2184.791
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: ATET estimate adjusted for covariates, panel effects, and time effects.

. 
. estat ptrends

Parallel-trends test (pretreatment time period)
H0: Linear trends are parallel

F(1, 29) =   1.29
Prob > F = 0.2649

. 
. estat granger

Granger causality test
H0: No effect in anticipation of treatment

F(5, 29) =   1.02
Prob > F = 0.4216

. 
. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\Users\NIZANF~1\AppData\Local\Temp\STD479c_000000.tmp"

. *** Appendix***
. 
. * Table A2. GDP values measured in current dollars*
. 
. asdoc xtreg GDP_NAVY Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power 
> Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 &NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.4530                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4972                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4891                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =     137.14
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
            GDP_NAVY | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0454674   .0146452    -3.10   0.002    -.0741714   -.0167634
         Competition |  -8.647758   3.880489    -2.23   0.026    -16.25338    -1.04214
           Coastline |   .0300047   .0132201     2.27   0.023     .0040939    .0559156
Non_NATO_land_border |   .0196828   .0105045     1.87   0.061    -.0009056    .0402713
    Urban_population |   .0024074   .0026463     0.91   0.363    -.0027793    .0075941
      Trade_Openness |   .0433669   .0396372     1.09   0.274    -.0343206    .1210544
                 PEC |   .0003119   .0344978     0.01   0.993    -.0673026    .0679264
                 GDP |  -.0659929   .0233094    -2.83   0.005    -.1116786   -.0203073
      GDP_per_capita |  -.2246242   .0652858    -3.44   0.001    -.3525819   -.0966664
       Years_in_NATO |   .0060143   .0023379     2.57   0.010     .0014322    .0105964
              Threat |  -.3383402   .1746262    -1.94   0.053    -.6806012    .0039209
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0250692   .1132573    -0.22   0.825    -.2470495    .1969111
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.1255033   .0658038    -1.91   0.056    -.2544763    .0034696
               _cons |   5.466027    2.23941     2.44   0.015     1.076863    9.855191
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .06466765
             sigma_e |  .03046321
                 rho |  .81839077   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg GDP_NAVY Wales_pledge  Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power 
> if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 ,fe cl(ccode), nest replace

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5661                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0170                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0192                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =      33.03
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9616                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
            GDP_NAVY | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0723766   .0143469    -5.04   0.000    -.1022125   -.0425407
Non_NATO_land_border |  -.0525948   .0500874    -1.05   0.306    -.1567573    .0515678
    Urban_population |  -.0103259   .0030408    -3.40   0.003    -.0166495   -.0040022
      Trade_Openness |   .0028471   .0414716     0.07   0.946    -.0833977    .0890919
                 PEC |  -.0213174   .0440801    -0.48   0.634     -.112987    .0703521
                 GDP |   -.383024   .3084992    -1.24   0.228    -1.024583    .2585353
      GDP_per_capita |   .0045347   .2787266     0.02   0.987     -.575109    .5841785
       Years_in_NATO |   .0130813   .0026444     4.95   0.000     .0075819    .0185807
              Threat |  -.5287318   .1788537    -2.96   0.008    -.9006784   -.1567852
Russians_Naval_Power |   -.054167    .123707    -0.44   0.666    -.3114299    .2030959
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.1479641   .0839578    -1.76   0.093    -.3225638    .0266357
               _cons |   9.702743   2.564597     3.78   0.001     4.369371    15.03611
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .52666294
             sigma_e |  .03055506
                 rho |   .9966454   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. asdoc xtreg state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power
>  if ccode~=2 &NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 ,fe cl(ccode), nest replace

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0798                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.2095                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.2057                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =       1.30
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.8824                         Prob > F          =     0.2889

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -48103.92   22719.78    -2.12   0.046     -95352.3   -855.5525
         Competition |    3771933    2947286     1.28   0.215     -2357284     9901150
    Urban_population |   130.6061   1680.414     0.08   0.939    -3364.006    3625.218
      Trade_Openness |  -225.6292   24363.33    -0.01   0.993    -50891.94    50440.68
                 PEC |   18592.51   33036.41     0.56   0.580    -50110.48     87295.5
                 GDP |  -229634.8   154695.1    -1.48   0.153    -551340.9    92071.28
      GDP_per_capita |   184182.5   123004.4     1.50   0.149     -71619.2    439984.3
       Years_in_NATO |   6633.929    3749.14     1.77   0.091    -1162.835    14430.69
              Threat |  -473596.4   238131.9    -1.99   0.060    -968818.8    21626.06
Russians_Naval_Power |  -173525.8   108104.9    -1.61   0.123    -398342.2    51290.56
Alliance_Naval_Power |    -170461   101996.9    -1.67   0.110    -382575.1    41653.07
               _cons |    6756982    3635309     1.86   0.077    -803058.3    1.43e+07
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  372054.23
             sigma_e |  21958.034
                 rho |  .99652892   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg ln_state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Po
> wer if ccode~=2 &NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 ,fe cl(ccode), nest replace

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1637                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4994                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4961                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =       1.62
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0258                          Prob > F          =     0.1640

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
ln_state_total_ton~e | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.2546816   .0974013    -2.61   0.016    -.4572387   -.0521244
         Competition |   14.45832   27.89706     0.52   0.610    -43.55679    72.47342
    Urban_population |  -.0548276   .0243283    -2.25   0.035    -.1054211    -.004234
      Trade_Openness |   .8103594   .5967001     1.36   0.189    -.4305464    2.051265
                 PEC |   -.358563   .3170322    -1.13   0.271    -1.017868    .3007416
                 GDP |   .4388818   1.259805     0.35   0.731    -2.181027     3.05879
      GDP_per_capita |   -.710845   1.212579    -0.59   0.564    -3.232541    1.810851
       Years_in_NATO |   .0492128   .0189431     2.60   0.017     .0098185    .0886072
              Threat |  -3.599416   1.437967    -2.50   0.021    -6.589833   -.6090001
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.7643238   .6667563    -1.15   0.265    -2.150919    .6222718
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -1.737561   .8271787    -2.10   0.048    -3.457773   -.0173488
               _cons |   62.34481   19.49617     3.20   0.004     21.80031    102.8893
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  1.4034895
             sigma_e |  .19009371
                 rho |   .9819855   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
end of do-file

. do "C:\Users\NIZANF~1\AppData\Local\Temp\STD479c_000000.tmp"

. * Table A3. Alternative specifications for naval power*
. 
. asdoc xtreg tonnage_to_personal Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Years_in_N
> ATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest replace
note: Years_in_NATO omitted because of collinearity.
note: Threat omitted because of collinearity.

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0780                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.5456                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.5368                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =     588.97
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_personal | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0359113   .1102691    -0.33   0.745    -.2520348    .1802122
         Competition |  -15.90514   26.30918    -0.60   0.545    -67.47019    35.65991
           Coastline |   .3108568    .119808     2.59   0.009     .0760374    .5456762
Non_NATO_land_border |  -.0286728   .0600106    -0.48   0.633    -.1462914    .0889459
    Urban_population |   .0523945   .0293774     1.78   0.075     -.005184    .1099731
      Trade_Openness |  -.1090582   .3594641    -0.30   0.762    -.8135949    .5954784
                 PEC |  -.1942893   .4258604    -0.46   0.648     -1.02896    .6403819
                 GDP |  -.1346832   .1960296    -0.69   0.492    -.5188942    .2495279
      GDP_per_capita |   .0936412   .3882302     0.24   0.809     -.667276    .8545583
       Years_in_NATO |   .0070256   .0151673     0.46   0.643    -.0227017    .0367529
              Threat |     .55593   1.835599     0.30   0.762    -3.041779    4.153639
       Years_in_NATO |          0  (omitted)
              Threat |          0  (omitted)
Russians_Naval_Power |   .5008681   .7107046     0.70   0.481    -.8920873    1.893823
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.4451321   .5659833    -0.79   0.432    -1.554439    .6641748
               _cons |  -2.955095   18.21927    -0.16   0.871    -38.66421    32.75402
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .89471592
             sigma_e |  .22860823
                 rho |  .93871593   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc  xtreg tonnage_to_personal Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita  Years_in_NATO Threat Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Po
> wer Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 
note: Years_in_NATO omitted because of collinearity.
note: Threat omitted because of collinearity.

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0902                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.2666                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.2603                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =       6.88
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.7073                         Prob > F          =     0.0001

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_personal | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.2243011   .1245084    -1.80   0.086    -.4832305    .0346283
         Competition |  -25.15433   68.20336    -0.37   0.716     -166.991    116.6823
    Urban_population |   .0468353   .0450474     1.04   0.310     -.046846    .1405165
      Trade_Openness |  -.0654062   .3101851    -0.21   0.835    -.7104713    .5796589
                 PEC |  -.2797058   .4720481    -0.59   0.560    -1.261384    .7019719
                 GDP |   .5326586   2.444964     0.22   0.830    -4.551922    5.617239
      GDP_per_capita |  -.6798281   2.463358    -0.28   0.785    -5.802661    4.443004
       Years_in_NATO |   .0372013   .0195989     1.90   0.072    -.0035569    .0779595
              Threat |  -1.975946   1.425563    -1.39   0.180    -4.940566    .9886745
       Years_in_NATO |          0  (omitted)
              Threat |          0  (omitted)
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.3763886   .8129261    -0.46   0.648    -2.066961    1.314184
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -1.471198   .8664527    -1.70   0.104    -3.273085    .3306891
               _cons |   32.09236   25.49147     1.26   0.222    -20.92006    85.10478
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  1.7162288
             sigma_e |   .2280843
                 rho |  .98264451   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. asdoc xtreg tonnage_to_military_expenditure Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threa
> t Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest append

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5243                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.3904                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.3904                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =      93.28
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
tonnage_to_militar~e | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -3.398827   .9890509    -3.44   0.001    -5.337331   -1.460323
         Competition |  -381.2248   212.9584    -1.79   0.073    -798.6156    36.16608
           Coastline |   2.394851    .731045     3.28   0.001     .9620291    3.827673
Non_NATO_land_border |   .9803566    .754765     1.30   0.194    -.4989555    2.459669
    Urban_population |    .411074    .146711     2.80   0.005     .1235258    .6986222
      Trade_Openness |   7.468021    3.13217     2.38   0.017     1.329081    13.60696
                 PEC |  -2.991756   2.817283    -1.06   0.288    -8.513528    2.530017
                 GDP |  -2.732616   1.113806    -2.45   0.014    -4.915637   -.5495956
      GDP_per_capita |  -15.69993   4.766328    -3.29   0.001    -25.04176   -6.358094
       Years_in_NATO |   .2254674   .1244781     1.81   0.070    -.0185052    .4694401
              Threat |  -17.82994   11.86102    -1.50   0.133    -41.07711    5.417228
Russians_Naval_Power |  -16.79513   10.80645    -1.55   0.120    -37.97539    4.385128
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -30.38641   10.71837    -2.83   0.005    -51.39403   -9.378793
               _cons |   938.2358   266.2419     3.52   0.000     416.4112     1460.06
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  5.3279828
             sigma_e |  2.3800734
                 rho |  .83364489   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc  xtreg tonnage_to_military_expenditure Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita  Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Allia
> nce_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5672                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0038                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0075                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =     103.20
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9613                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
tonnage_to_militar~e | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -2.968836     1.4202    -2.09   0.049    -5.922303   -.0153694
         Competition |  -248.3781   349.3334    -0.71   0.485    -974.8567    478.1005
    Urban_population |  -.0736718   .2538199    -0.29   0.774    -.6015192    .4541756
      Trade_Openness |    8.81528   3.011085     2.93   0.008     2.553385    15.07717
                 PEC |  -7.856439   3.098343    -2.54   0.019     -14.2998   -1.413083
                 GDP |   18.72491   17.94793     1.04   0.309    -18.59984    56.04966
      GDP_per_capita |  -39.20065   18.14458    -2.16   0.042    -76.93436   -1.466933
       Years_in_NATO |   .2289829   .2497969     0.92   0.370    -.2904982    .7484641
              Threat |  -14.64988   17.60349    -0.83   0.415    -51.25834    21.95859
Russians_Naval_Power |  -11.06409   9.506885    -1.16   0.258    -30.83474    8.706562
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -25.52335   13.01851    -1.96   0.063    -52.59682     1.55013
               _cons |   843.4524   284.2483     2.97   0.007     252.3257    1434.579
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  27.618678
             sigma_e |  2.3751798
                 rho |  .99265846   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. * Table A4. Alternative Controls * 
. 
. 
. asdoc xtreg GDP_NAVY Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border nato_Contiguity nato_marine_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_i
> n_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 &NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5014                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4598                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4580                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(15)     =     341.96
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
            GDP_NAVY | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0404784   .0157719    -2.57   0.010    -.0713907    -.009566
         Competition |  -7.892038   3.585454    -2.20   0.028     -14.9194   -.8646767
           Coastline |   .0294527   .0144634     2.04   0.042     .0011049    .0578005
Non_NATO_land_border |   .0180874   .0098542     1.84   0.066    -.0012264    .0374012
     nato_Contiguity |   .0158271   .0713671     0.22   0.824    -.1240499    .1557041
  nato_marine_border |  -.0591883   .0483526    -1.22   0.221    -.1539576    .0355811
    Urban_population |   .0014396   .0030946     0.47   0.642    -.0046257    .0075049
      Trade_Openness |   .0429733   .0436546     0.98   0.325    -.0425882    .1285348
                 PEC |  -.0070479   .0300102    -0.23   0.814    -.0658667     .051771
                 GDP |  -.0610337   .0242374    -2.52   0.012     -.108538   -.0135293
      GDP_per_capita |  -.2162935   .0625253    -3.46   0.001    -.3388409    -.093746
       Years_in_NATO |   .0061769   .0025122     2.46   0.014     .0012531    .0111006
              Threat |  -.3245489   .2457166    -1.32   0.187    -.8061445    .1570467
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0193674   .1289511    -0.15   0.881    -.2721068     .233372
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.1401783   .0677569    -2.07   0.039    -.2729795   -.0073772
               _cons |   5.610181   2.780153     2.02   0.044     .1611816    11.05918
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .06563581
             sigma_e |  .02861352
                 rho |  .84030295   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg GDP_NAVY Wales_pledge Competition annualaveragegrowthrate Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP GDP_per_capita Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Allianc
> e_Naval_Power if ccode~=2 &NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest replace

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5599                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0417                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0434                                         max =         11

                                                F(12, 21)         =      28.55
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9631                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                            (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        |               Robust
               GDP_NAVY | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
           Wales_pledge |  -.0797416   .0154022    -5.18   0.000    -.1117723    -.047711
            Competition |   8.787907   5.342748     1.64   0.115    -2.322945    19.89876
annualaveragegrowthrate |   .0016014   .0018439     0.87   0.395    -.0022331     .005436
       Urban_population |  -.0104866   .0027201    -3.86   0.001    -.0161434   -.0048298
         Trade_Openness |  -.0040988   .0594526    -0.07   0.946    -.1277372    .1195397
                    PEC |  -.0487915   .0424562    -1.15   0.263    -.1370841     .039501
                    GDP |   -.437749   .3483072    -1.26   0.223    -1.162094    .2865955
         GDP_per_capita |   .0438926   .3200124     0.14   0.892    -.6216096    .7093948
          Years_in_NATO |   .0132582   .0023499     5.64   0.000     .0083713    .0181451
                 Threat |  -.6401509   .1755805    -3.65   0.002    -1.005291   -.2750112
   Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0996606    .122083    -0.82   0.423    -.3535462     .154225
   Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.1234709   .0980141    -1.26   0.222    -.3273023    .0803606
                  _cons |    10.4684   2.492318     4.20   0.000     5.285341    15.65146
------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                sigma_u |  .52832836
                sigma_e |  .03084485
                    rho |  .99660312   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg GDP_NAVY Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC  GDP_per_capita ln_pop Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power if cc
> ode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest replace

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5543                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0330                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0345                                         max =         11

                                                F(11, 21)         =      32.49
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9684                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
            GDP_NAVY | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0720633    .013928    -5.17   0.000    -.1010282   -.0430984
         Competition |   8.186707   5.622262     1.46   0.160    -3.505426    19.87884
    Urban_population |  -.0109548   .0028273    -3.87   0.001    -.0168344   -.0050751
      Trade_Openness |   .0243673   .0326061     0.75   0.463    -.0434409    .0921755
                 PEC |  -.0502607    .046825    -1.07   0.295    -.1476387    .0471172
      GDP_per_capita |   -.386221   .0796072    -4.85   0.000    -.5517734   -.2206687
              ln_pop |  -.4627583   .3520697    -1.31   0.203    -1.194927    .2694108
       Years_in_NATO |   .0128312   .0025045     5.12   0.000     .0076227    .0180397
              Threat |  -.5547822   .1721546    -3.22   0.004    -.9127973   -.1967671
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0454174   .1309932    -0.35   0.732    -.3178326    .2269979
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.1340313   .0932958    -1.44   0.166    -.3280506    .0599879
               _cons |   12.94137   4.172054     3.10   0.005     4.265113    21.61763
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .57219639
             sigma_e |  .03096601
                 rho |  .99707982   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. 
. * Table A5. Including Naval Exports Control* 
. 
. asdoc xtreg tonnage_to_GDP_2015 Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat 
> Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_Naval_Power  naval_export if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , cl(ccode), nest replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.4156                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4668                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4597                                         max =         11

                                                Wald chi2(14)     =    2971.02
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0416095   .0136047    -3.06   0.002    -.0682742   -.0149448
         Competition |  -10.06031   2.924329    -3.44   0.001    -15.79189   -4.328732
           Coastline |   .0337846   .0149225     2.26   0.024     .0045371    .0630321
Non_NATO_land_border |   .0217107    .011249     1.93   0.054    -.0003369    .0437583
    Urban_population |   .0011863   .0033358     0.36   0.722    -.0053518    .0077244
      Trade_Openness |   .0592182   .0457944     1.29   0.196    -.0305373    .1489736
                 PEC |  -.0322158   .0432151    -0.75   0.456    -.1169158    .0524841
            GDP_2015 |  -.0677326   .0286375    -2.37   0.018     -.123861   -.0116041
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.2038404    .078755    -2.59   0.010    -.3581973   -.0494834
       Years_in_NATO |   .0059782   .0025618     2.33   0.020     .0009573    .0109992
              Threat |  -.4763867   .2089443    -2.28   0.023    -.8859101   -.0668633
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.1361751   .0889218    -1.53   0.126    -.3104586    .0381083
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.2250847   .0620359    -3.63   0.000    -.3466727   -.1034966
        naval_export |   1.81e-06   6.42e-06     0.28   0.778    -.0000108    .0000144
               _cons |   9.110448   2.138007     4.26   0.000     4.920032    13.30086
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .07373255
             sigma_e |  .03078944
                 rho |  .85151654   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc  xtreg tonnage_to_GDP_2015 Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance
> _Naval_Power naval_export if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.5228                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.0635                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.0672                                         max =         11

                                                F(12, 21)         =    1485.87
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9382                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 tonnage_to_GDP_2015 | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -.0306315   .0115005    -2.66   0.015    -.0545481   -.0067149
         Competition |   8.956507   7.203659     1.24   0.227    -6.024322    23.93734
    Urban_population |  -.0141606   .0028516    -4.97   0.000    -.0200909   -.0082303
      Trade_Openness |    .059218    .039232     1.51   0.146    -.0223694    .1408055
                 PEC |  -.0308719   .0646835    -0.48   0.638    -.1653887    .1036448
            GDP_2015 |  -.2575295   .3493743    -0.74   0.469     -.984093     .469034
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |   -.206088   .3429368    -0.60   0.554     -.919264    .5070881
       Years_in_NATO |   .0103303   .0020672     5.00   0.000     .0060314    .0146292
              Threat |  -.4591332   .1476871    -3.11   0.005    -.7662653    -.152001
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.0980208   .1228713    -0.80   0.434    -.3535456    .1575039
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -.0719692   .0905067    -0.80   0.435    -.2601882    .1162498
        naval_export |   7.71e-07   5.67e-06     0.14   0.893     -.000011    .0000126
               _cons |   9.686209   2.805692     3.45   0.002     3.851453    15.52096
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  .44999767
             sigma_e |  .03080948
                 rho |   .9953343   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. asdoc xtreg state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Alliance_
> Naval_Power naval_export if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0727                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.2666                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.2619                                         max =         11

                                                F(12, 21)         =       1.05
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.8849                         Prob > F          =     0.4458

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
 state_total_tonnage | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -37138.23   15121.96    -2.46   0.023    -68586.08   -5690.383
         Competition |    6196694    4584961     1.35   0.191     -3338254    1.57e+07
    Urban_population |   257.0687   1635.494     0.16   0.877    -3144.128    3658.265
      Trade_Openness |   4889.806   26647.96     0.18   0.856    -50527.67    60307.28
                 PEC |   18867.46    29303.7     0.64   0.527    -42072.92    79807.84
            GDP_2015 |  -210372.8   143032.7    -1.47   0.156    -507825.5    87079.93
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |   149705.1   110901.9     1.35   0.191       -80928    380338.2
       Years_in_NATO |   5676.209   3297.888     1.72   0.100    -1182.124    12534.54
              Threat |  -448622.6   219779.9    -2.04   0.054      -905680    8434.675
Russians_Naval_Power |  -179373.2     103412    -1.73   0.097    -394430.4    35683.89
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -151753.6   83235.21    -1.82   0.083    -324850.8    21343.46
        naval_export |  -6.463843   10.80987    -0.60   0.556    -28.94419    16.01651
               _cons |    6615376    3402072     1.94   0.065    -459620.3    1.37e+07
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  362093.43
             sigma_e |  22096.941
                 rho |   .9962897   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. asdoc xtreg ln_state_total_tonnage Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat Russians_Naval_Power Allian
> ce_Naval_Power naval_export if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2020 , fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        240
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         22

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1648                                         min =         10
     Between = 0.4102                                         avg =       10.9
     Overall = 0.4095                                         max =         11

                                                F(12, 21)         =       1.72
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.0389                          Prob > F          =     0.1331

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 22 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
ln_state_total_ton~e | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |   -.183194   .0701436    -2.61   0.016    -.3290656   -.0373224
         Competition |   34.20166   33.22956     1.03   0.315    -34.90299    103.3063
    Urban_population |  -.0562434   .0242776    -2.32   0.031    -.1067315   -.0057553
      Trade_Openness |   .8404337   .5929325     1.42   0.171     -.392637    2.073504
                 PEC |  -.2967308   .2887516    -1.03   0.316    -.8972226     .303761
            GDP_2015 |   .4325238   1.237357     0.35   0.730    -2.140701    3.005749
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.9435183   1.274405    -0.74   0.467    -3.593788    1.706752
       Years_in_NATO |   .0456863   .0175161     2.61   0.016     .0092595     .082113
              Threat |  -3.360002   1.351892    -2.49   0.021    -6.171416   -.5485881
Russians_Naval_Power |  -.7653468   .6635024    -1.15   0.262    -2.145176     .614482
Alliance_Naval_Power |  -1.480528   .7574989    -1.95   0.064    -3.055833    .0947774
        naval_export |   2.80e-06   .0000207     0.14   0.894    -.0000402    .0000457
               _cons |   59.71956   18.62316     3.21   0.004     20.99058    98.44854
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |  1.5240242
             sigma_e |  .19043101
                 rho |  .98462684   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. 
. 
. * Table A6 *
. 
. asdoc xtreg calss Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat  SR spline_cla
> ss if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2021 , cl(ccode) , nest replace

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        266
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         23

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.0167                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.9512                                         avg =       11.6
     Overall = 0.9222                                         max =         12

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =    4452.33
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                         (Std. err. adjusted for 23 clusters in ccode)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     |               Robust
               calss | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
        Wales_pledge |  -4.660644   .4792862    -9.72   0.000    -5.600027    -3.72126
         Competition |   1189.175   473.1473     2.51   0.012     261.8231    2116.527
           Coastline |   .5321213   .8321915     0.64   0.523    -1.098944    2.163187
Non_NATO_land_border |   1.056934   .2619718     4.03   0.000     .5434791     1.57039
    Urban_population |   .1552923   .0852108     1.82   0.068    -.0117178    .3223023
      Trade_Openness |   -.693167    4.21341    -0.16   0.869    -8.951299    7.564965
                 PEC |  -3.970908   3.024612    -1.31   0.189    -9.899038    1.957222
            GDP_2015 |   1.494377   .6329377     2.36   0.018     .2538422    2.734912
 GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -1.878043   2.200251    -0.85   0.393    -6.190455     2.43437
       Years_in_NATO |   .1087841   .0553545     1.97   0.049     .0002914    .2172769
              Threat |  -20.39549   10.68075    -1.91   0.056    -41.32938     .538394
                  SR |  -.1561077   .0516022    -3.03   0.002    -.2572461   -.0549693
        spline_class |  -.4079865   .0561134    -7.27   0.000    -.5179667   -.2980063
               _cons |   285.0712   40.26517     7.08   0.000     206.1529    363.9895
---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
             sigma_u |          0
             sigma_e |  1.2112063
                 rho |          0   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg calss Wales_pledge Competition  Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat  SR spline_class if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & yea
> r>2008 & year<2021 , fe  cl(ccode) , nest append

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        266
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         23

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1013                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.5306                                         avg =       11.6
     Overall = 0.5260                                         max =         12

                                                F(11, 22)         =    2435.95
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9077                         Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                        (Std. err. adjusted for 23 clusters in ccode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |               Robust
              calss | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
       Wales_pledge |  -.7373474   .4596572    -1.60   0.123    -1.690618    .2159232
        Competition |   394.2789   186.2401     2.12   0.046     8.040652    780.5172
   Urban_population |   .2044455   .1220682     1.67   0.108    -.0487085    .4575994
     Trade_Openness |   1.010944   1.083632     0.93   0.361    -1.236373     3.25826
                PEC |   .1852465   1.425295     0.13   0.898    -2.770635    3.141128
           GDP_2015 |  -8.348382   5.105324    -1.64   0.116    -18.93618    2.239412
GDP_Per_capita_2015 |   7.590806   4.386098     1.73   0.098    -1.505405    16.68702
      Years_in_NATO |   .0006949    .073711     0.01   0.993    -.1521723    .1535622
             Threat |  -19.81234    11.3102    -1.75   0.094    -43.26826     3.64359
                 SR |  -.1140341   .0450157    -2.53   0.019     -.207391   -.0206773
       spline_class |  -.0504379    .026505    -1.90   0.070     -.105406    .0045302
              _cons |   97.06799   40.68564     2.39   0.026     12.69114    181.4448
--------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
            sigma_u |  22.090041
            sigma_e |  1.2128571
                rho |  .99699448   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg ln_tonnage_of_naval Wales_pledge Competition Coastline Non_NATO_land_border Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat 
>  ln_spline_sum_tonnage_of_naval SR if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2021, cl(ccode), nest append 

Random-effects GLS regression                   Number of obs     =        266
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         23

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1044                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.7892                                         avg =       11.6
     Overall = 0.7708                                         max =         12

                                                Wald chi2(13)     =    1259.67
corr(u_i, X) = 0 (assumed)                      Prob > chi2       =     0.0000

                                                   (Std. err. adjusted for 23 clusters in ccode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               |               Robust
           ln_tonnage_of_naval | Coefficient  std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  Wales_pledge |  -.2728217   .0548505    -4.97   0.000    -.3803266   -.1653168
                   Competition |  -16.02317   9.091958    -1.76   0.078    -33.84308    1.796745
                     Coastline |    .164754   .2512985     0.66   0.512    -.3277819    .6572899
          Non_NATO_land_border |   .0211799    .048682     0.44   0.664    -.0742349    .1165948
              Urban_population |   .0113532   .0108069     1.05   0.293     -.009828    .0325345
                Trade_Openness |  -.0148247     .07534    -0.20   0.844    -.1624885    .1328391
                           PEC |  -.0770825    .149242    -0.52   0.606    -.3695913    .2154264
                      GDP_2015 |   .7573069   .3329735     2.27   0.023     .1046909    1.409923
           GDP_Per_capita_2015 |  -.5950538   .3671103    -1.62   0.105    -1.314577    .1244692
                 Years_in_NATO |   .0891092   .0163599     5.45   0.000     .0570444     .121174
                        Threat |  -4.984956   1.186584    -4.20   0.000    -7.310618   -2.659294
ln_spline_sum_tonnage_of_naval |  -4.870702   .8785166    -5.54   0.000    -6.592563   -3.148841
                            SR |  -.0219347   .0036441    -6.02   0.000    -.0290771   -.0147924
                         _cons |   85.76899   15.95022     5.38   0.000     54.50713    117.0308
-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                       sigma_u |  1.7660014
                       sigma_e |  .07745125
                           rho |  .99808027   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
. asdoc xtreg ln_tonnage_of_naval Wales_pledge Competition Urban_population Trade_Openness PEC GDP_2015 GDP_Per_capita_2015 Years_in_NATO Threat  ln_spline_sum_tonnage_of_naval
>  SR if ccode~=2 & NATO==1 & year>2008 & year<2021, fe cl(ccode), nest append 

Fixed-effects (within) regression               Number of obs     =        266
Group variable: ccode                           Number of groups  =         23

R-squared:                                      Obs per group:
     Within  = 0.1303                                         min =          3
     Between = 0.6595                                         avg =       11.6
     Overall = 0.6379                                         max =         12

                                                F(11, 22)         =     137.57
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.5352                          Prob > F          =     0.0000

                                                   (Std. err. adjusted for 23 clusters in ccode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               |               Robust
           ln_tonnage_of_naval | Coefficient  std. err.      t    P>|t|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                  Wales_pledge |  -.1934703   .0793367    -2.44   0.023    -.3580046    -.028936
                   Competition |   8.336714   11.85308     0.70   0.489    -16.24507     32.9185
              Urban_population |   .0096809   .0095267     1.02   0.321    -.0100763    .0294381
                Trade_Openness |  -.0537446   .0689298    -0.78   0.444    -.1966963    .0892071
                           PEC |  -.0914097   .1408466    -0.65   0.523    -.3835076    .2006883
                      GDP_2015 |  -.0429464   .4320409    -0.10   0.922    -.9389445    .8530516
           GDP_Per_capita_2015 |   .0743404   .4008769     0.19   0.855    -.7570274    .9057082
                 Years_in_NATO |   .0662808    .025124     2.64   0.015     .0141769    .1183847
                        Threat |  -3.471375   1.591435    -2.18   0.040    -6.771808   -.1709412
ln_spline_sum_tonnage_of_naval |  -3.534133   1.338912    -2.64   0.015    -6.310866   -.7574004
                            SR |   -.017153   .0056381    -3.04   0.006    -.0288458   -.0054602
                         _cons |   67.93468   22.67897     3.00   0.007     20.90138     114.968
-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
                       sigma_u |  3.6601714
                       sigma_e |  .07728588
                           rho |  .99955434   (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Click to Open File:  Myfile.doc

. 
end of do-file

. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\Nizan Feldman\Desktop\cpr final\Replication.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  18 Apr 2024, 19:51:44
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